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Passionate in ensuring systems are simple, and relationships are based on open communication, trust and mutual respect, I work to engage clients and students and to smooth their path to success. Focusing on personal development, my skills lie in career development, leadership, coaching, strategic planning, new ventures, and governance. I love learning, constantly adding new ideas and theories to my knowledge kete. A professional member of CDANZ, and a member of CATE, APCDA, NCDA, I teach on the Career Development programme at NMIT, and on the AUT Bachelor of Sport & Recreation programme.

What's New on My Blog ↓

Wednesday, 16 July 2025

Rehab open access articles

Continuing our series on getting access to peer-reviewed journals when we are outside a university subscription system (read more here), this time we consider a few journals helpful to those of us who specialise in the rehabilitation and disability career field: encompassing conditions such as Autism, ADHD, and depression; short-and long-term injury rehabilitation; types of rehabilitation programmes and schemes; disability support, impairment, metrics, etc.

  • Firstly there is the Journal of Education and Rehabilitation, or JER. This is official journal of the Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation for the University of Tuzla, with all articles being fully accessible here. This journal covers all aspects of rehabilitation, with career development being a relatively minor component.
  • Disabilities explores a broad range of areas, including controlled trials; case studies; feasibility and pilot studies; novel approaches to disability, support and innovations; and transnational disability studies. This journal too is fully open access, here.
  • Next we consider the Health, Sports & Rehabilitation Medicine journal, or HSRM, also completely open access, found here. This journal is a bit patchy for quality, usually from Eastern European, junior researchers, but the sports rehabilitation articles can be quite interesting.
  • We now turn to Disability, CBR and Inclusive Development, or DCID. This journal too is completely open access (here). The journal is hosted by the University of Gondar in Ethiopia, which teaches community-based rehabilitation. 
  • The next cab off the rank is the Developmental Disabilities Network Journal, or DDNJ. This journal too is fully open access (here), and focuses on pre-service preparation, advocacy, research, community services, and info sharing between clients with developmental disabilities and their whanau.


Sam

References:

CDANZ. (2019). Competency Framework. Career Development Association of New Zealand. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1tudpuDOP8vc9tG5cE_HjSn2DiRp7xBTM/view

read more "Rehab open access articles"

Monday, 14 July 2025

The Q health framework

Developed to support leaders in planning and delivering large-scale improvements across health systems, this framework (image accompanying this post; Q, 2024) was a collaboration with a broad range of British medical sector leaders.

The framework falls into two halves: the first half is focused on sustainable development and creating the conditions for a sound health/wellness system; the second half is on how that service should be delivered, via service and outcome transformation. Within each half are thee sets of activities: collective vision and leadership; an aligned operating model; capability, connections and culture in the sustainable development half. In the service and outcome transformation half there is: system and pathway redesign; continuous quality improvement; and targeted innovation. Around these six activities are 18 key considerations which all stakeholders must address for this type of system change to work and to stick (Q, 2024). They are:

  • Co-creating a vision and narrative for change
  • Building leadership support
  • Understanding together the nature of the system
  • Engaging with all partners and communities
  • Redesigning management systems to enable improvement 
  • Aligning resources and incentives
  • Agreeing priorities and mediating expectations
  • Developing goals and the ability to measure progress
  • Enabling productive cross-silo connections and reflections
  • Creating collaborative learning habits and structures
  • Building skills and space for everyone involved in the change

And in the second half:

  • Understanding the context, needs and assets of those served
  • Diagnosing and redesigning end to end pathways and service models
  • Delivering multi-strand 'transformation' programmes
  • Incrementally improving hundreds of processes with service users
  • Adapting roles, ways of working, metrics and linked systems
  • Ongoing monitoring, adaptation and control of service performance
  • Testing, experimenting, scaling and embedding innovations
  • identifying priority gaps and/or innovations
  • Understanding the current situation and desired futures

In order to create the right conditions, the framework emphasises building a collective vision, prioritising transformation efforts, and developing sustainable change through culture and capabilities. These elements rely heavily on engagement with partners and communities, shared understanding, and strong leadership support across organisations (Q, 2024). The delivery aspects focus on three key areas: system redesign, continuous improvement, and targeted innovation. These require deep understanding of local context and population needs, iterative testing with real-time data, and identifying promising innovations that can be scaled effectively across systems. This will need programmes combining pathway redesign with changes to funding, IT, and infrastructure. Tools for reviewing and planning large-scale change is built into the system. This is not easy work, but will require investment over multiple years, and a government committed to making change. I am not sure than any government on the planet is realistically in that space right now... and as for making cross-party long term funding commitments... well. I think that too is a wait and see thing.

The framework is a partnership between the Health Foundation, the Q community, and NHS Confederation. It will be nice if it works, and if the UK government actually fund it and back it. 


Sam

References:

Q. (2024, August 29). Improving across health and care systems: a framework. Q, The Health Foundation. https://q.health.org.uk/resources/improving-across-health-and-care-systems-a-framework

read more "The Q health framework"

Friday, 11 July 2025

What are amenity values?

The Welsh poet W. H. Davies first published the rhyming couplet poem Leisure in 1911, which begins with the famous pair of lines:

"What is this life if, full of care,
We have no time to stand and stare." (Palmer, 1982, p. 82)

Davies was a great believer in a 'natural' outdoor life, which was somewhat unconventional at the time: perhaps his stance was in part a reaction to industrialisation, and in part because of the influence of Wordsworth in his early education.

I think what Davies was really referring to - outside of nostalgia for old ways which were disappearing - was/were amenity values. These are the qualities and characteristics of a place which contribute to our appreciation of the area's pleasantness, cultural, and recreational qualities. This is the "aesthetic coherence" (Brown, 2020, p. 1) of the place we find ourselves in. However, amenity values go further than simply the view, as portrayed by Davies: encompassing "factors as noise, lighting, smells and awareness of activity and movement[; ... including] the full spectrum of sensory factors that contribute to perception and appreciation of an area’s character, pleasantness, aesthetic coherence and identity" (Brown, 2020, p. 1).

So amenity values are the benefits or pleasurable qualities that we get from our natural or 'built' environment, including scenic beauty (like mountain views or waterfronts), the opportunity we have for recreation (such as national parks or tracks), places of cultural or historical significance, and those environmental qualities of clean air, quiet, and uninterrupted enjoyment. 

(NB: our rural landscapes are also a built environment; as are those rolling English hills, hedges and lanes so beloved of the British. Ancient forest is natural; farms are built).

Amenity values need to be factored into zoning and planning rules, and how we implement public policy in our societies. When governments and local bodies want to make changes, meaningful community consultation needs to take place to discuss how or whether the amenity values may be impacted, and how those impacts may be mitigated. But often our organisations seem to not consider how the community may see amenity values, and that perception gap leads to disharmony.

We need to consider amenity values when we want to make change, because we may not see what amenity values our change of use may be damaging for others. If we communicate what we are trying to do, and why, we can have meaningful consultation with all stakeholders. 

Things tend to go much more smoothly with a good korero.


Sam

References:

Brown, S. (2020, October 4). The Assessment and Management of Amenity. New Zealand Association for Impact Assessment Association [NZAIA]. https://www.nzaia.org.nz/uploads/1/2/3/3/12339018/impact_connector_6_-_landscapes_-_stephen_brown.pdf

Palmer, B. J. (Ed.). (1982). The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Quotations (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.

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Wednesday, 9 July 2025

PISO and CIMO frameworks

Have you heard of PISO and CIMO before? Well, if not, they stand for population, intervention, study design, outcome; and context, intervention, mechanism, outcome (Cochrane Library, 2025; Costa et al., 2018).

PISO (Cochrane Library, 2025) is:

  • Population (or Patient or Problem): "What are the characteristics of the patient or population (demographics, risk factors, pre-existing conditions, etc)? What is the condition or disease of interest?"
  • Intervention: "What is the intervention under consideration for this patient or population?" So what are we going to do, treat, change, or action?
  • Study design: "What is the alternative to the intervention (e.g. placebo, different drug, surgery)?" What else will we consider, and how will we plan this?
  • Outcome: "What are the included outcomes (e.g. quality of life, change in clinical status, morbidity, adverse effects, complications)?" What do we expect to happen, what would we like to happen? How will we measure and know if this has worked?

CIMO (Costa et al., 2018, p. 3) is:

  • Context: "The results that human actors aim to achieve and the surrounding (external and internal environment) factors that influence the actors". What are the circumstances or environment where we research the intervention?
  • Intervention: "Purposeful actions or measures (products, processes, services or activities) that are formulated by the designer or design team to solve a design problem or need, and to influence outcomes". What is the action or change we introduced into the situation?
  • Mechanism: "The mechanism that is triggered by the intervention, in a certain context, by indicating why the intervention produces a certain outcome. It can be an explanation of the cognitive processes (reasoning) that actors use to choose their response to the intervention and their ability (resources) to put the intervention into practice". How will/might the intervention work? Quantitative research will be in order to produce the outcomes in the next step; qualitative will be more "how might the intervention work?" and being open on outcomes.
  • Outcome: "Result of the interventions in its various aspects". What did we ended up with; what were the impacts of the intervention?

The key differences between these concepts is that PISO is more likely to be used in clinical or experimental research designs, and often in healthcare. PISO tends to emphasise who is being studied and how (Cochrane Library, 2025). On the other hand, CIMO is a management and social science tool, seeking to understand why and how interventions work in specific contexts or cases (Costa et al., 2018). Either framework will assist in systematic reviews as well as evidence-based research projects. 

Following either a PISO or CIMO framework assists researchers in how to ask their research question (or questions), what type of methodologies, methods and data collection should be chosen, determining variables, and analysing and organising findings.

Anything that helps us to create stronger, more deliberate ways of researching has to be a bonus!


Sam

References:

Cochrane Library. (2025). What is PICO?. https://www.cochranelibrary.com/about-pico

Costa, E., Soares, A. L., & de Sousa, J. P. (2018). Exploring the CIMO-logic in the design of collaborative networks mediated by digital platforms [paper]. Collaborative Networks of Cognitive Systems (19th IFIP WG 5.5 Working Conference on Virtual Enterprises), PRO-VE 2018, Cardiff, UK, September 17-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99127-6_23

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Monday, 7 July 2025

Possible selves

Our career identity, as part of our broader identity, is our "internal compass [...] in the midst of all the turbulence" (Inkson et al., 2015, p. 32, citing Hall, 2002). Imagining ‘possible selves’ in roles different to our current experience can be quite powerful. Reflecting on our internal dialogue can help us to identify our dominant ‘selves’, and those which need more light to flourish (Arthur et al., 2019). 

There are several selves (Inkson et al., 2015, p. 192):

  • "Potential self: What type of person do you think you might become?"
  • "Ideal self: What type of person would you most like to become?"
  • "Feared self: What type of person are you afraid of becoming?"
  • "Ought-to-self: What type of person do you feel you should become because of pressures or expectations in your environment?"
  • "Alternative self: What type of person could you have been today if certain things had happened differently in the past?"

The 'ought-to' self - constantly telling us what we should be fulfilling in our differing roles - is the identity that is most likely to provoke internal conflict, shame and guilt, giving us role conflict (Inkson et al., 2015). The 'ought-to' self may tell us we are selfish in wanting time for ourselves; while the potential self says advises us to find space and take the time so we can be refreshed... and so are better able to care for others. I suspect that women find themselves performing more roles than men: those of parent, carer, educator, counsellor, spouse, cook, cleaner, professional, daughter and grand-daughter. This may lead to "inter-role conflict" (p. 198), where we hold incompatible and opposing roles which are difficult to reconcile (for example, parenting young children alongside heavy work commitments). Further, if we also work from home, we may find boundaries bleeding across work and home life: living in "a reality where we are all in constant contact with each other" (Inkson et al., 2015, p. 200).

Society conditions men and women to fit - to a greater or lesser degree - with gender-specific traits. These then shape our expectations when we perform our various roles. We have "these gender ‘master identities’ [which] influence how different roles are taken up". These master identities in turn influence "how work and career roles are taken up or rejected" (Geldenhuys et al., 2019, p. 2). The sexual revolution enabled women to preserve or to take on work identities, but it seems that we were less able to shed the more traditional roles... so have role conflict because it is still less socially acceptable for men to share all the unpaid work. 

Being able to focus more on the other 'selves', such as our potential self, helps us to regain balance: providing we can find solutions for those traditional, unpaid roles. The idea of 'possible selves' is powerful in helping us to reflect not just on who we are now, but also who we want to become, creating hope and a sense of 'future identity'.


Sam

References:

Arthur, N., Neault, R., McMahon, M. (2019). Career Theories and Models at Work. CERIC Publications Ltd.

Geldenhuys, M., Bosch, A., Jeewa, S., & Koutris, I. (2019). Gender traits in relation to work versus career salience. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 45(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v45i0.1588

Inkson, K., Dries, N., & Arnold, J. (2015). Understanding Careers. SAGE Publications Ltd.

read more "Possible selves"

Friday, 4 July 2025

Long URLs

Do you know, I had totally forgotten about the TinyURL site. When we have - say - character entry limits on some media and messaging platforms, we can go to www.tinyurl.com, paste in our long URL, and get a shortened version which will still point the user to the full address. Additionally, if we are wanting a cleaner looking link for branding/printing, to avoid breaking lines, or to make for easier sharing, TinyURLs fit that bill too.

While we don't need to create an account, if we do have one, we can also create custom alias URLs which make it easier for us to remember than thus share links... and we can use that custom link to help track clicks (although TinyURL itself does not track). 

We should note that there are also some limitations: we users are unable to see the final destination from the shortened URL, and many of us have been bitten too many times. We are only likely to click on a TinyURL that we know comes from a reputable forwarder; and if the TinyURL site is down, the link doesn't work. 

To make a TinyURL, simply follow these steps:

  • Copy the long URL (Ctrl & C)
  • Go to https://tinyurl.com/
  • Paste the URL - Ctrl & V - into the text box
  • Click the "Make TinyURL!" button
  • TinyURL will generate a shortened URL
  • Copy the shortened URL (Ctrl & C again) and use it where we need it.

The shortened link will work immediately and never expires. How's that for awesome?!


Sam

References:

TinyURL. (2025). The Original URL Shortener. https://tinyurl.com/

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Wednesday, 2 July 2025

What is career capital?

Career capital on an individual scale is the learning and experience which we can "walk out the door" with when we transition between education institutions, organisations, and the interests in our private lives. When we work for an organisation, our career capital can be drawn on as a knowledge bank, and is a key source of value to the organisation: and a key negotiation point for us (DeFillippi & Arthur, 1996; Lamb, 2007). Career capital is not just what we do; it is also what we know; and know how to do; when to do; and why we should do it. Our career capital skills aid cross-fertilisation between roles, departments, external organisations, and across industries.

There are considered to be three ways of "knowing" (DeFillippi & Arthur, 1996; Lamb, 2007). They are - as previously mentioned - knowing-why (i.e. our motivation, our personal attachment to career, our values, and our work identity); again, knowing-how (our role-specific skills, our tacit and explicit knowledge, and our expertise); as well as knowing-whom (our professional networks, our relationships, our reputation, and our social connections).

But career capital not only relates to individuals: organisations and industries also have career capital - also known as human and structural capital - which accumulates over time (Lamb, 2007), rather like nacre being laid down in an oyster. But while we could also consider the DeFillippi and Arthur (1996) model, it is more 'usual' to use Bourdieu's capital dimensions for organisations (cited by Lamb, 2007). They are economic capital (financial and liquid resources); social capital (relationships and connections that strengthen other capital areas); cultural capital (educational and accumulated learning); and symbolic capital (industry recognition, stakeholder and public renown).

Our career capital evolves as we shift focus, and accumulate new skills, achieve mastery in some areas and begin to explore new fields. As we develop as professionals, our career capital becomes more recognisable - and financially valuable - to both ourselves and the organisations we contribute to. But our overall value will vary: expertise is dependent on industry and context (Inkson et al, 2015; Lamb, 2007)... and economic demand. 

With the shift from traditional career progression within a single organisation to portfolio careers (read more on this here), the responsibility for personal and professional development has fallen more on the individual (Inkson et al, 2015). Organisations have reduced the development and training they are prepared to invest in people because staff members may move on before the organisation gains value from the investment. Career capital is important for our personal career development and organisational competitive advantage (Lamb, 2007). I am sure we have all heard the old saw: "what happens if I train this person and they leave?" with "what happens if I keep this untrained person and they stay?" Both are a cost to the business, but industry stagnation and loss of morale - both risks with low career development investment - is likely a greater cost. 

It is our career capital which grows when we build our networks, share our knowledge, accept new challenges, learn to trust our abilities, develop mastery, and gain respect from our industry peers... and ourselves.


Sam

References:

DeFillippi, R., & Arthur, M. (1996). Boundaryless contexts and careers: A competency-based perspective. In M. B. Arthur, & D. M. Rousseau (Eds.), The Boundaryless Bareer: A new employment principle for a new organizational era (pp. 116–131). Oxford University Press.

Inkson, K., Dries, N., & Arnold, J. (2015). Chapter 10: Careers as Resources. In Understanding Careers. SAGE Publications.

Lamb. M. (2007). The components of career capital for knowledge workers in the global economy. [Master's Thesis: University of Pretoria]. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=1a69404ad618a99e87e3c7117d0e5b68ca820306

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Monday, 30 June 2025

To do action lists to embed CPD

With digital technologies, accessing continuing professional development (CPD or PD) is easier than ever (Drude et al., 2019). The challenge, however, lies in ensuring that our PD is sticky: that we get value from the effort of self-development, and the opportunity cost that this has in our busy lives.

But it is not only ensuring that the learning stays with us: how do organisations assess how effective our learning has been? Because, despite decades of research, accurate assessment of effective training seems to continue to elude the professional development field (Drude et al., 2019; Thalheimer, 2024). Professional development assessment is "inadequate", with most - read "90%" of - programmes using what are known as 'smile sheets', which focus on superficial yet measurable attributes of speaker performance and premises over meaningful learning outcomes (Drude et al., 2019, p. 457). It is also difficult to track whether there were meaningful changes in participant knowledge, skills, or attitudes over time (Drude et al., 2019; Thalheimer, 2024). How many courses have we completed where there has been a follow-up survey some months later (Drude et al., 2019)? I think I remember one such course survey in my career, and I would roughly complete over a hundred hours of PD annually.

To stay current in our practice, we need lifelong learning. If we don't, each year our clients progress further and further away from our practice abilities, culture, language and technology level. To ensure then that we stay relevant, we need PD: and our professional development activities must add value to our practice. And if we can't meaningfully assess whether our upskilling is doing what it should, why would/should we continue doing it?

Additionally, what if we are undertaking self-directed learning? How do we assess our learning in that case: without any framework, not even smile sheets? Rather than simply taking notes, a potential approach could be to create and periodically review action-oriented to-do lists. This moves us from comprehending material to taking action and building our learning into our practice (Drude et al., 2019). We focus instead on making practical changes, working with our clients, to apply our learning (Drude et al., 2019). Although this is a suggested solution for self-directed learning, I think this is a solution that works for any training: we practice it.

Further, the Career Development Association of New Zealand has a great set of skills and experience we need in a competency framework (online here; see image accompanying this post; CDANZ, 2025). We can use the framework to evaluate where our practice needs a bit of a refresh, and seek out appropriate training. This doesn't need to be complicated: it could be as simple as popping an annual note in our diary to find training in a particular topic area.

Even action-oriented to do lists are relatively easy to organise: if we use a hardcopy diary or planner, write the action on a post it note and move it back each week until we have practiced the item. If using a digital diary, create an event and do the same. This is not inappropriate 'practicing' on clients: this is a considered exploration with an appropriate client, trying a new method together, and to see if it adds value to the client, and to you. Co-discovery of potential solutions, in a safe and measured way.

Good luck with practicing good practice!


Sam

References:

CDANZ. (2025). Competency Framework. Career Development Association of New Zealand. https://cdanz.org.nz/ModularPage?Action=View&ModularPage_id=27

Drude, K. P., Maheu, M., & Hilty, D. M. (2019). Continuing professional development: Reflections on a lifelong learning process. Psychiatric Clinics, 42(3), 447-461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2019.05.002

Thalheimer, W. (2024, October). The New LTEM Reveal [slide deck]. https://woexgg.clicks.mlsend.com/tf/cl/eyJ2Ijoie1wiYVwiOjIzMTM0NCxcImxcIjoxMzc4ODY5NDMwMDk1NzIxODQsXCJyXCI6MTM3ODg2OTU2NDk2MzU2NDIxfSIsInMiOiJmZTNiZTVhMzVlMzVhY2UwIn0

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Friday, 27 June 2025

Networking and informational interviewing

Our current labour market is volatile; career paths less clear; educational choices more broad; with a vast quantity of advice being available... which tends to be of variable quality or applicability. That is where I find informational interviewing comes into its own: we can go and talk to a 'real' person, who has gained experience, training, and education, and who now do a real job. A couple of recent posts has looked at this topic (here).

Informational interviewing is a technique where the interviewer contacts "a previously unknown person (usually a career model), conducting background research (on the person, occupation, and organization), meeting the person for between 30-45 minutes, and acting in a professional manner" (Kanar, 2020, p. 2, citing Decarie, 2010). While Kanar (2020) suggests that the interviewee is unknown to the interviewer, initial interviewees in New Zealand tend to be family friends, then the circle moves outwards as the interviewer seeks different or more specific information. Those already in the field of interest tend to connect us with others in the field: we literally use our networks

Not only does undertaking interviews with family connections and then onto others in the field helps us to build networks, it also helps those of us about to enter the workforce realise just how critical networking is in helping us to find our next opportunities. Those of us who tend to end up in interesting roles have often developed our own self-efficacy in networking because we collect people along the way via our professional experience across organisations. 

Deliberately building networks is an excellent professional development skill to hone. Broad networks can be immensely useful when changing roles, when changing fields, or when changing country. We never know when chatting to someone in an airline queue, alongside the sportsfield, at a cafe, at a gallery opening, or outside the meeting room at a job interview might lead us to our next rewarding role.

Not only can informational interviews help to better match us with jobs, and build our career preparedness skills, undertaking the interview also boosts our networking self-efficacy (Kanar, 2023). The more we practice, the better we get - now there is a surprise!


Sam

References:

Kanar, A. M. (2023). Effectiveness of informational interviewing for facilitating networking self‐efficacy in university students. The Career Development Quarterly, 71(2), 147-159. https://doi.org/10.1002/cdq.12318

Kanar, A. (2020). Increasing student engagement in human resource management courses through informational interviewing. Journal of Human Resources Education, 14(3/4), 1-13. file:///D:/+Customer%20Files/Lecturing/CD%20Articles/Kanar%20-%20Increasing%20student%20engagement,%202020.pdf

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Wednesday, 25 June 2025

APA citing webinars

I will often use webinars, or show clips from webinars, in my teaching (with permission, of course). The citation is completely as we would expect with APA (i.e., Author, date). If we want to quote what the author said, we simply add a time stamp for the video - but we do that using US time notation, which is a colon separator, not a full stop; presented as "(Author, date, xx:xx)" (Mueller, 2023).

However, the APA reference for webinars is a little more involved:

  • We use the presenter's name as the Author (and as usual, family name, then first name initials so we degenderise the entry). Treat multiple authors as normal (i.e. presenters separated by a comma and an ampersand before the final author).
  • Then we have the date that the presentation occurred in brackets: year, month, date (YYYY, Mmmm dd).
  • The title of the webinar, with [webinar] in square brackets at the end of the title, and before the full stop.
  • Then the name of the organisation or the webinar hoster or publisher, followed by a full stop.
  • Then the URL the webinar is located or streamed from.

So that's (Mueller, 2023):

Presenter, A. A. (Year, Month Date). Title of webinar in sentence case [Webinar]. Publisher/Sponsor. URL

Or:

Presenter, A. A., & Presenter, B. B. (Year, Month Date). Title of webinar in sentence case [Webinar]. Publisher/Sponsor. URL

It is easy when we know how.


Sam

Reference:

Mueller, J. (2023, June 7). How to Cite a Webinar in APA. https://www.wikihow.com/Cite-a-Webinar-in-APA

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Monday, 23 June 2025

Google Calendar and ics appointments or events

If you use Google Calendar because you are working across multiple platforms - as I do - then you may find the following tip helpful about creating appointments based in Google Calendar when you are sent a Outlook ics file.

The reason I begin all my appointments in Google Calendar is because I work across four devices, and I want all of them to remind me of the same things at the same time (I invite my work self and my home self to all appointments that my Google self sets up - and sometime soon I will find a solution where I don't have to manually add all three of me, but that is a problem for another day!).

To return to the "we have been sent an ics file" in Outlook. We don't add it to Outlook. Instead, we download and save the ics file on our device. Then:

  • We log in to our Google calendar
  • Over on the top right of the page, we click on the Settings icon (as per the image accompanying this post)
  • We select Settings from the drop down list
  • Then, in the Settings page, from the left-hand menu bar, click Import & Export (about half-way down the list)
  • Click the blue "Select file from your computer" button and navigate to the downloaded ics file
  • In the next blue button, we select the calendar we would like to add this event to (the default is our primary calendar).
  • Click "Import"

Then we are done!


Sam

References:

Google Calendar Help. (2025). Import events to Google Calendar. https://support.google.com/calendar/answer/37118?hl=en&co=GENIE.Platform=Desktop

read more "Google Calendar and ics appointments or events"

Friday, 20 June 2025

Legal profession stages and barriers

Over time, our occupational preferences and competencies, along with our life situations, evolve (Super, 1980). The theory of career stages can be seen in many industries around the world, including the legal profession in Aotearoa New Zealand.

For example, the stages involved in becoming a Barrister in New Zealand include completing a Bachelor of Laws degree, taking a Professional Legal Studies Course, gaining a certificate from the New Zealand Council of Legal Education, holding a current Law Society practising certificate and obtaining a certificate of character from the Law Society (New Zealand Law Society, 2025). All these elements being satisfactorily completed enables legal professionals to eligible for admission to the roll of Barristers and Solicitors of the High Court of New Zealand.

More women than men are entering the law profession (Dyer & Jones, 2008). While the gender distribution practising law is fairly evenly spread for now (New Zealand Law Society, 2020) the roles within the field held by men and women differ. It appears that "Women make up 52% of lawyers working in law firms with more than one lawyer", yet "contribute just 34% of the directors and partners" (New Zealand Law Society, 2020). It seems also that "Women far outnumber men in the in-house and community law centre sectors but are under-represented as [King]’s Counsel[s]" (New Zealand Law Society, 2020). It seems likely that the establishment stage (Super, 1980) may differ between men and women, so influencing their career development opportunities in the longer term.

Research has found that female lawyers tend to be initially placed in administration roles in law firms, unlike men who are given more challenging work (Dyer & Jones, 2008). Further, women are "less likely be to be linked to training and development opportunities necessary for advancement” (p. 34). Anecdotally, women returning to work after maternity leave in this profession struggle with workload and networking expectations.

The number of women entering the profession should guarantee change (with roughly 60% of graduates each year being women), but it will probably require many of the old guard to retire before that change is truly felt.

Then perhaps everyone will be able to progress through the stages as their ability evolves, rather than because they started on a lower step than everyone else.


Sam

References:

Dyer, S., & Jones, D. (2008). Young law and management students’ perception of their future career. New Zealand Journal of Employment Relations, 33(2), 33-44. https://www.nzlii.org/nz/journals/NZJlEmpR/2008/3.pdf

New Zealand Law Society. (2025). Admission. https://www.lawsociety.org.nz/for-lawyers/joining-the-legal-profession/admission

New Zealand Law Society. (2020). Diversity in the New Zealand legal profession: At a glance. https://www.lawsociety.org.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/138567/Diversity-in-the-NZ-legal-profession.pdf

Super, D. E. (1980). A life-span, life space approach to career development. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 16(3), 282-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(80)90056-1

read more "Legal profession stages and barriers"

Wednesday, 18 June 2025

Excel number formatting on trim

I was recently trying to trim a page number from a journal title in some imported text data, to log in my articles database. I wanted Excel to automatically recognise the imported data as a number, and it wouldn't. I wanted a one step auto-function, rather than me having to apply another step to the text clean-up.

Grr.

However, a quick DuckDuckGo search found a nifty formatting formula (Exceltip, 2014) which we can apply alongside a trim: we specify value in the function. Even better, if we are after a standard number format, we don't even need to specify exactly what type of value we want.

Our formula looks like this: =VALUE(LEFT([cell reference],[number of characters we want to trim])); so for my purposes, this was:

=VALUE(LEFT(Q3,4))

And I got my page range, formatted as a number, all in one step.

Result!


Sam

References:

Exceltip. (2014, October 20). Make LEFT Function recognize a number in Excel. https://www.exceltip.com/excel-text-formulas/make-left-function-recognize-a-number.html

read more "Excel number formatting on trim"

Monday, 16 June 2025

Corporate career open access articles

Continuing our series on getting access to peer-reviewed journals when we are outside a university subscription system (read more here), this time we consider a few journals helpful to those of us who specialise in the corporate career field: i.e. those of us in organisational development, career mapping, leadership, corporate coaching, strategic development, and organisational fit.

  • Organisational Dynamics, here. This is a ScienceDirect publication (a marque of Elsevier) which publishes in the corporate space with an HR focus. Those of us who work with adults who are established in their careers may find the research content useful. 
  • The Human Resource Management Review is also open access, here. This is also a ScienceDirect/Elsevier publication in HRM, industrial/organisational psychology, human capital, labour relations, and organisational behaviour areas. 
  • Asia Pacific Management Review, or APMR (here). Focusing on corporate and management issues around the Pacific, this journal has some open access articles, while others have only the abstract available. It is worth a look.
  • Similar to the APMR, the Human Resource Development International Journal has some open access articles. Again, this can be a bit hit and miss, but it too is worth a look here.
  • Lastly, there is the Journal of Human Resource Management or HRMJ, which has a number of open access articles here. This too is an international journal, and is the flagship publication for the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. 

There are also databases which list open access journals by DOAJ here and ISSN here

I hope you find these organisational career development open/semi-open access journal sources useful. Next time we will move onto another of the six remaining specialist areas (Counselling; Disability/mental health/rehabilitation; Career development programmes; Research; Policy; and Supervision; CDANZ, 2019).


Sam

References:

CDANZ. (2019). Competency Framework. Career Development Association of New Zealand. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1tudpuDOP8vc9tG5cE_HjSn2DiRp7xBTM/view

read more "Corporate career open access articles"

Friday, 13 June 2025

DOTS to SODI

The DOTS model, developed by UK educators, Tony Watts and Bill Law (1977) proposes four task quadrants which we must each develop; those of decision learning, opportunity awareness, transition learning, and self-awareness (read more here). Today this model has been reorganised as the SODI model, in order of where the learning is likely to arise first: self-awareness; opportunity awareness; decision-making (and - potentially - planning); and implementing plans (Graduate Careers Australia, 2023; Mi et al., 2021).

Interestingly, the four DOTS components (Watts & Law, 1977)  - opportunity awareness, self awareness, decision-learning and transition learning - were created four years before publication (Andrews, 2014, p. 33) and was not called DOTS until "someone thought about rearranging the four elements into an order that produced an easily remembered acronym" (p. 33). Earlier, DOTS was known as "the NICEC objectives" (p. 33). 

The DOTS model is now past its 45th birthday: and while the names evolve - "self-development; learning and work exploration; career planning and career management" (Andrews, 2017, p. 12) - the model's premise remains largely the same. We need to know ourselves; know when to make a move; be able to make a balanced decision, and know how to plan. 

And speaking of planning, Bill Law (co-founder of the DOTS model) thought that the model was shy of planning, and needed strengthening (Andrews, 2027, p. 12).  He also thought that we ask students "to deal with quite challenging and complex ideas before we have helped them to acquire more basic knowledge and skills", and that "we ask young people to make career choices before they have enough to go [i.e. make an informed decision] on (p. 12). True. And remains true.

What others have done - and I have been unable to find an original source for this work - is to reorganise and rename some DOTS elements so there is better 'flow'. We still lead with self-awareness, and next comes opportunity awareness; followed by decision-making and planning; and lastly, implementation (Mi et al., 2021). This is the SODI model. More straight-forward naming still is to "know yourself", "explore options", "get focused" and "take action" (p. 5), though I don't think that KEGT is going to be a winner.

New Zealanders use SODI. The Australians call it SODA (implementing becomes "Acting and planning"), which you can read a little more about here.

It would be interesting to know who did the reorganisation/renaming. If anyone knows, please message me!


Sam

References:

Andrews, D. (2017). ‘A giant from whose shoulders we might all see further’: Bill Law’s contributions to careers work in schools. Journal of the National Institute for Career Education and Counselling, 39(1), 11-15. https://hubble-live-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/nicec/redactor2_assets/files/63/NICEC_Journal_39_Oct2017.pdf

Andrews, D. (2014). Careers education: Tony’s legacy. Journal of the National Institute for Career Education and Counselling, 33(1), 31-36. https://hubble-live-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/nicec/redactor2_assets/files/80/NICEC_Journal_33_Oct_2014.pdf

Graduate Careers Australia. (2008). A Career Planning and Development Model: Using the SODI Model for Self-Assessment. https://www.graduatecareers.com.au/files/content/view/full/372/

Law, B. & Watts, A. G. (1977). Schools, Careers and Community: A study of some approaches to careers education in schools. Church Information Office.

Mi, N. D. Q., Giang, D. T. T., & Duy, P. N. (2021). Empowering learner autonomy by data-driven career development planning. In T. Dieu, N. Minh Hung, N. Xuan Huan, L. Thi Kim Hoa, L. Huu Son, D. Phu Hung, L. Hung Tien, & L. Dinh Phung (Eds.), The 1st Van Lang International Conference on Heritage and Technology Conference Proceedings 2021 (Vol. 2406, No. 1, Article 020035). American Institute of Physics. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0067047

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Wednesday, 11 June 2025

Burdening factors

I read an interesting article recently which mentioned the concept of the "burdening factor" (Oksa et al., 2023, p. 1740). The implication being that over time, a task becomes too onerous for the benefit it conveys. A burdening factor - effectively a stressor - has been subdivided for the world of work into three psychological burdens: those of "overload, monotony and non-specific factor[s]" (Truhlarova et al., 2020, p. 4). This is where: 

  • overload includes "time pressure, [...] high responsibility, [... and] problems and conflicts. 
  • monotony includes "low contentment, [...] mind-numbing work, [...and] monotony. 
  • "non-specific factor[s, or] stress response[s]", effectively a catch-all for hard to define items, and includes "nervousness, [...] mental satiation, [...] exhaustion and [...] long-term bearability" (p. 4)

German research found that nurses "wanting to do even more for the patients [...were met with] such a burdening factor that they [could...]not realise their own demands", due to the burdening factor of time (Bernburg et al., 2023, p. 10) - or overload, if we are to use the groupings by Truhlarova et al. (2020). 

Burdening factors may fall more on women than men; as more women are nurses, teachers, and career development practitioners (Furbish, 2002; Lowery-Kappes & Young, 2023; Phillips, 2011); which are also lower paid fields (Phillips, 2011), and where time is not generally made during work hours for staff to undertake professional development (Bernberg et al., 2023; Phillips, 2011). In order to stay in our professions, our work duties expand beyond the paid working day.  

Not only is PD yet another burden in an already busy life, but logging the PD becomes an additional burdening factor. Thus "[r]ecord keeping [is...] seen as a chore and these employees also felt that the employer was the beneficiary and not" the person who had undertaken the CPD in the first place (Phillips, 2011, p. 56), with "many [being] discouraged and put off by having to record their own CPD", and that "since having to record the activities they actually did less" continuous PD (p. 57). What is interesting is that the PD being reported here is being reported to the employer, not to a professional organisation; so it is easy to see why having to again log the PD hours feels even more burdensome for the individual. 

We need simple ways to undertake and to record PD. Make it easy, not hard, professional organisations! 


Sam

References:

Bernburg, M., Harth, V., Groneberg, D. A., & Mache, S. (2023). “Always Look at the Clock”: Psychosocial Working Conditions in Outpatient Care—A Qualitative Study. Healthcare, 11(23), 3043, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11233043

Furbish, D. S. (2002). A Snapshot of New Zealand Career Practitioners. Australian Journal of Career Development, 11(2), 13-17. https://doi.org/10.1177/103841620201100204

Lowery-Kappes, H., & Young, S., (2023). The Shape of Career Practice in Aotearoa NZ [slidedeck]. CANNEXUS23 Conference 23-25 January 2023. https://cannexus23.gtr.pathable.com/meetings/virtual/q32dbm9cxwNqDYAnd

Oksa, R., Kaakinen, M., Savela, N., Ellonen, N., & Oksanen, A. (2023). Social media use in professional organizations: boosting and draining workforce. Behaviour & Information Technology, 42(11), 1740-1757. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2022.2094833

Phillips, M. (2011). The role of self-direction in Australian sonographers' professional development. [PhD Thesis, Deakin University]. https://dro.deakin.edu.au/articles/thesis/The_role_of_self-direction_in_Australian_sonographers_professional_development/21099964/1/files/37440574.pdf

Truhlarova, Z., Stech, O., Voseckova, A., Klimova, B., & Kuca, K. (2020). Assessment of mental burden of family caregivers of persons with health disabilities in the Czech Republic. Social Sciences, 9(6), 95, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci9060095

Image created with https://deepai.org/machine-learning-model/film-collage-generator

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Monday, 9 June 2025

How to cite and reference TV shows

Ah, the tricky work of correctly APA citing TV shows! It was only when writing a recent post that I realised that I hadn't written an entry on how to formulate the reference for these! And while we think this might be quite simple, in practice, it usually turns out to be slightly more difficult than it appears on the tin.

But the APA 7th edition publication manual will guide us (American Psychological Association, 2019). In the Reference Examples chapter, Audiovisual Media section, the notes suggest that we could use specific writers and/or directors for particular episodes of a series; or we could use the Executive Producer for an entire series (American Psychological Association, 2019). Or - I am guessing - whatever is the simplest to find and use.

So, if we keep our main objective front of mind: that we aim to give our reader a guide back to the source, then keeping our reference as simple as possible will assist us in making an optimal decision. But there is another consideration: what are the conventions for other media types? In the last post, explaining how to reference films (here), we might remember that the director becomes the 'author'. That is something to consider in finding our components for referencing TV shows.

So let's look at the components for citing the series, Get Smart. I turned to Wikipedia (2025) and the Get Smart Wiki (2025) and found the following information:

  • Directors: Gary Nelson, Bruce Bilson, Don Adams, James Komack, Earl Bellamy, Howard Morris, Paul Bogart... and the list goes on
  • Producers: Jay Sandrich (1965–66), Arnie Rosen (1966–67), Jess Oppenheimer (1967), Burt Nodella (1967–69), Chris Hayward (1969–70)
  • Executive Producers: Leonard B. Stern, Arne Sultan (1968–70)
  • Writers: Mel Brooks, Buck Henry, Gerald Gardner, Dee Caruso, Stan Burns, Mike Marmer... and this list too goes on and on
  • Dates: 1965-1970
  • Title: Get Smart
  • Production Company: Talent Associates; CBS Productions

My best guess for a simple reference for the entire series is:

Stern, L. B. (Executive Producer), Sultan, A. (Executive Producer, 1968–70). (1965-1970). Get Smart [TV Series, 1-5]. Talent Associates; CBS Productions.

Thus the citation would be:

(Stern & Sultan, 1965-1970)

I hope this helps!


Sam

References:

American Psychological Association (2019). Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association: The official guide to APA style (7th ed.). Author.

Get Smart Wiki. (2025). Get Smart. https://getsmart.fandom.com/wiki/Get_Smart

Wikipedia. (2025). Get Smart. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Get_Smart

read more "How to cite and reference TV shows"

Friday, 6 June 2025

Soft skills? Non-cognitive skills

I have posted about Zeil before (here), but a blog post last year suggests their "data reveals what in-demand personality traits are worth in the New Zealand job market", noting that "A good place to start when looking for a rewarding career is to look at your personality strengths, often referred to as ‘soft skills’" (Mowbray, 2024).

Now, "soft skills" is an interesting term. What are they, really? Well, they are also known as "non-cognitive skills", "socio-emotional skills, soft skills, transversal competences, social competences, ‘21st century skills’, [k]ey competences, generic competences, or even basic and life skills" (Cinque et al, 2021, p. 7); to which we could add "flexibility, team spirit, communication, motivation, critical thinking, adaptive, multi-tasking and innovative responses, well-being, social and collaborative problem-solving abilities" (Staboulis & Lazaridou, 2020, p. 3943); and "a variety of behaviours, personality characteristics, and attitudes with academic skills, aptitudes, and attainment" (Gutman & Schoon, 2013, p. 8). So quite a list, then.

From these definitions, it appears that non-cognitive skills aren't really 'soft' at all: these are personality characteristics which employers seek in employees. Characteristics such as punctuality. Lateral thinking. Initiative. Attention to detail. Dedication. Persistence. Trouble-shooting. These skills are the difference between 'a pudding that takes up space on a seat' compared to a 'go-getter who drives projects forward'. It seems obvious which person appears more employable.

The ten highest average salaries containing a corresponding non-cognitive skill identified by Zeil are listed as follows (Mowbray, 2024):

$103,676Ability to work in a team
$100,960Being able to take charge
$91,239Flexibility
$87,506Problem Solving
$83,328Listening
$79,226Communication
$72,047Interpersonal skills
$69,063Managing your time
$61,271Customer Service
$56,230Strong Work Ethic

It would be helpful to know how Zeil put this list together. Most of us are more likely to work on our team work skills as the return is twice as high as the bottom-most non-cognitive skill (work ethic). I also find it interesting that a strong worth ethic only aligns with roles where the average salary is only slightly more than minimum wage. Perhaps employers may say that while they want a strong work ethic, they are not willing to pay for it...? 

Anyway, an interesting list!


Sam

References:

Cinque, M., Carretero, S., & Napierala, J. (2021). Non-cognitive skills and other related concepts: towards a better understanding of similarities and differences (No. 2021/09). JRC Working Papers Series on Labour, Education and Technology. https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/236541/1/176491032X.pdf

Gutman, L. M., & Schoon, I. (2013). The impact of non-cognitive skills on outcomes for young people. A literature review. The Institute of Education [UK]. https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10125763/1/Gutman_Schoon_%202013%20Non-cognitive_skills_literature_review_.pdf

Mowbray, A. (2024, February 24). 10 highest paying soft skills. Zeil. https://zeil.com/blog/articles/10-high-paying-soft-skills

Staboulis, M., & Lazaridou, I. (2020). Non Cognitive Skills as the new metric in recent labor markets–Case Study: The impact of social media in promoting and developing skills. In INTED2020 Proceedings (pp. 3943-3950). IATED. https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/63049452/stab_laz_INTED2020_912020200422-93961-m2nhd4-libre.pdf?1587554861=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DNON_COGNITIVE_SKILLS_AS_THE_NEW_METRIC_I.pdf

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Wednesday, 4 June 2025

No body to incarcerate

There is a saying attributed to UK peer and - as Lord Chancellor, head of the courts - Baron Thurlow, which I had heard along the lines of corporations having "no soul to save and no body to incarcerate" (Stibbe, 2013, p. 126; Achbar & Abbot, 2004, 12:46). When I went looking for that particular quote, I ran across the following - also presented as a quote: "Did you ever expect a corporation to have a conscience, when it has no soul to be damned, and no body to be kicked?" (Coffee, 1981, p. 386; King, 1977, p. 1); and even more stirringly, Baron Thurlow reputedly whispered an aside, "[a]nd, by God, it ought to have both" (p. 386, citing Menchen, 1942, p. 223). 

But I was confused. Which was the actual quote? 

"no soul to save and no body to incarcerate" (Stibbe, 2013, p. 126);

Or

"no soul to be damned, and no body to be kicked?" (Coffee, 1981, p. 386).

First I went looking for Coffee's sources (1981); Mencken (1942), and King (1977). I found King, who had simply listed, as quote on page 1 of the text, exactly what Coffee had cited. I could not find a 1942 version of the Mencken book. I found a 1962 edition, which contained the following:

"'A corporation is just like any natural person, except that it has no pants to kick or soul to damn, and, by God, it ought to have both!' Ascribed to an unnamed Western judge in ERNST and LINDLEY: Hold Your Tongue, 1932" (Mencken, 1962, p. 223). 

So this one was apparently not Baron Thurlow; but an anonymous judge (who could be Baron Thurlow, but perhaps the author themselves was unsure so erred on the side of safety). In seeking Mencken's sources I hit a dead end; when I went looking for the Ernst and Lindey text I could only find an updated edition, from 1950, which did not contain this quote. Hmm. Perhaps Coffee had conflated the two entries, and ascribing the King source to the Mencken quote?

So I went looking for the quote which I had remembered: roughly no soul to save or body to incarcerate, this time using Wikiquote. And I found:

"Corporations have neither bodies to be punished, nor souls to be condemned; they therefore do as they like", citing Poynder (1844, p. 268) with the clarification that "This is often misquoted as 'Did you ever expect a corporation to have a conscience, when it has no soul to be damned, and no body to be kicked?'"

Ah. Now this sounded roughly right. I went looking for Poynder (1844, p. 268) in the Internet Archive (here) and checked the entry. It read as follows:

"LORD CHANCELLOR THURLOW said that Corporations have neither bodies to be punished, nor souls to be condemned; they therefore do as they like", citing "Miscellaneous".

It is worth noting here that, in the preface, Poynder said "Where an entry is marked as 'Miscellaneous' it may either be referred to the desultory reading which had only left its impress on the memory, and where the precise authority could not be recovered; or else may be considered as original matter now first commended to notice" (1844, p. iv). Brownie points are owed to Poynder for admitting the potential for the vagaries of memory. However, I still think I will go with his account, as Poynder made a business of collecting quotes, publishing two volumes, and he was a partial contemporary of Thurlow (who lived 1731 to 1806; Poynder 1779 to 1849; Wikiquote, 2025). I could be wrong, of course in my assumption, and will keep my eyes peeled for any earlier evidence.

We do need to be careful in attributing sayings, but having so many out of print books searchable online is an amazing assist for quote-hunters everywhere.


Sam

References:

Achbar, M. (Director), & Abbott, J. (Director) (2004). The Corporation: The Pathological Pursuit of Profit and Power [documentary film]. Big Picture Media Corporation.

Coffee, J. C. (1981). "No soul to damn: no body to kick": An unscandalized inquiry into the problem of corporate punishment. Michigan Law Review, 79(3), 386-459. https://doi.org/10.2307/1288201

King, M. (1977). Public Policy and the Corporation. Chapman and Hall.

Mencken, H. L. (1962). A New Dictionary of Quotations on Historical Principles from Ancient and Modern Sources. Alfred A. Knopf.

Poynder, J. (1844). Literary Extracts from English and Other Works; collected during half a century (Vol. 1). John Hatchard and Son.

Stibbe, A. (2013). The Corporation as Person and Psychopath: Multimodal metaphor, rhetoric and resistance. Critical Approaches to Discourse Analysis across Disciplines (CADADD) Journal, 6(2), 114-136. https://eprints.glos.ac.uk/681/1/The%20Corporation%20as%20Person%20and%20Psychopath.pdf

Wikiquote. (2025). Edward Thurlow, 1st Baron Thurlow. https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Edward_Thurlow,_1st_Baron_Thurlow

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